Musicology, the scholarly and scientific study of music. The German term Musikwissenschaft (“science of music”) was first employed by F. Chrysander in 1863 in the preface to his Jahrbücher für musikalische Wissenschaft (“Yearbook for Musical Knowledge”), in which he argued that musicology should be accepted as a science and that musical studies should aspire to the rigorous methodological standards of the natural sciences. Musicology covers a wide and heterogeneous area of research and is concerned with the study not only of European and other art music but also of all folk and non-Western music. The scope of musicology may be summarized as covering the study of the history and phenomena of music, including (1) form and notation, (2) the lives of composers and performers, (3) the development of musical instruments, (4) music theory (harmony, melody, rhythm, modes, scales, etc.), and (5) aesthetics, acoustics, and physiology of the voice, ear, and hand.